Annotated bibliography

Sources and Pricing Bibliography

Prices move. This bibliography records the sources used, the access date, and what each source was used to support.

Buyer guide Sources

"Transparent hourly pricing with no hidden fees."

Primary source excerpt: Akash Network, accessed 2026-07-06

Key facts

How to read this bibliography

Provider prices and live marketplace data should be treated as dated examples. Before buying, open the source page, set the region and SKU, and record the exact quote. If a provider requires a private quote, do not infer a price from adjacent public examples.

The site favors official pricing pages and documentation. Where exact market rates are live or personalized, the page explains the pricing mechanism rather than pretending a static guide can be current forever.

Full Annotated Source List

Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instance Pricing

Amazon Web Services - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for EC2 billing model, data transfer language, and capacity reservation notes.

Amazon EC2 P5 Instances

Amazon Web Services - Provider product documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for H100/H200 P5 family positioning and networking context.

Accelerator-Optimized VM Pricing

Google Cloud - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for current Google accelerator-optimized GPU price examples.

Network Pricing

Google Cloud - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for the reminder that internet data transfer out is metered separately.

NCads H100 v5 Size Series

Microsoft Learn - Provider product documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for Azure H100 NVL VM capabilities and hardware notes.

AI Cloud Pricing

Lambda - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for Lambda H100, A100, B200, GH200, and cluster pricing examples.

CoreWeave Classic Pricing

CoreWeave - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for CoreWeave H100 PCIe and A100 80 GB price examples.

CoreWeave Cloud Pricing

CoreWeave - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for current CoreWeave HGX, L40S, spot, and per-node price examples.

GPU Cloud Pricing

Runpod - Provider pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for Runpod pod, serverless, GPU model, and per-second pricing context.

Pods Pricing

Runpod Documentation - Provider documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for storage and stopped-pod billing notes.

GPU Pricing: Live Platform Rates

Vast.ai - Marketplace pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for live marketplace rate mechanics, on-demand/interruption/reserved tiers, and per-second billing.

Pricing

Vast.ai Documentation - Marketplace documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for factors that move GPU marketplace rates: model, quantity, reliability, location, and market conditions.

GPU Pricing and Availability

Akash Network - Decentralized marketplace pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for Akash GPU starting prices and availability language.

Akash Network

Akash Network - Marketplace documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for the bid-style deployment workflow and provider marketplace description.

io.net Overview

io.net Documentation - Decentralized compute documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for io.net architecture, DePIN framing, and workload types.

Render Network Pricing

Render Network - Decentralized rendering pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used to distinguish Render Network from Render.com and explain OctaneBench-hour pricing.

OpenAI API Pricing

OpenAI - Inference API pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for per-million-token, cached-token, flex, and priority pricing examples.

Claude Platform Pricing

Anthropic - Inference API pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for per-million-token and prompt-cache pricing context.

Gemini Developer API Pricing

Google AI for Developers - Inference API pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for standard, batch, flex, priority, search grounding, and multimodal price examples.

Amazon Bedrock Pricing

Amazon Web Services - Inference API pricing - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for token-based inference, batch discounts, model marketplace comparison, and managed-model pricing.

x402

x402 Foundation - Payment protocol - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for live x402 network metrics and HTTP-native payment positioning.

x402 Overview

Coinbase Developer Platform - Payment protocol documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for x402 flow, machine buyers, per-request API payments, and accountless access.

x402 in Cloudflare Agents

Cloudflare Developers - Agent payment implementation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for agent-side paid tools, MCP tool charging, and worker-mediated paid resources.

NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU

NVIDIA - Hardware specification - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for H100 memory, throughput, and hardware-generation comparisons.

NVIDIA Multi-Instance GPU User Guide

NVIDIA Documentation - Hardware partitioning documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for MIG isolation, slices, and utilization economics.

Dynamic Batching and Concurrent Model Execution

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server Documentation - Inference serving documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for dynamic batching and utilization mechanics.

vLLM Documentation

vLLM - Inference serving documentation - accessed 2026-07-06

Used for PagedAttention, continuous batching, prefix caching, and serving stack references.

Agent Economy

AgentEconomy.io - Network cross-link - accessed 2026-07-06

Used only as the broader agent-economy context, not as a duplicate payment-protocol source.

x402 Docs

x402Docs.com - Network cross-link - accessed 2026-07-06

Used as the detailed x402 explainer destination from the compute-market page.

Site Map

The compute-market landscape The compute-market landscape: GPU marketplaces, decentralized compute, inference pricing, and agent-native payments for AI workloads. Free GPU and inference cost tools Client-side GPU cost, provider price comparison, and inference throughput calculators. GPU Cost Estimator Estimate GPU rental cost from dollars per GPU-hour, hours, token volume, throughput, GPU count, and utilization. GPU Price Compare Compare dated public GPU-hour examples for H100, A100, L40S, RTX 4090, and live-market GPU listings across providers. Inference Throughput Cost Calculator Estimate rough self-hosted LLM inference cost per request from model size, context length, batch size, output tokens, and GPU hourly price. How Compute Is Priced A buyer-focused guide to GPU-hour, token, spot, reserved, storage, egress, batching, and utilization pricing in compute markets. The GPU and Compute Marketplaces A vendor-neutral map of centralized GPU clouds, neoclouds, peer marketplaces, and decentralized compute networks. GPU Cloud Price Comparison: How to Read the Table How to compare GPU cloud prices without mixing up per-GPU rates, node prices, marketplace risk, storage, egress, and inference throughput. Inference vs Training Markets Why model training, fine-tuning, batch inference, and real-time inference produce different compute markets and pricing models. Agent-Native Compute How x402, per-call inference, and machine-readable payment flows could let software agents buy compute autonomously. Buyer Guide: Choosing GPU or Inference Compute A practical checklist for choosing GPU cloud, marketplace, decentralized compute, or managed inference for a workload. Compute Market Glossary Definitions for GPU marketplace, inference pricing, decentralized compute, x402 payments, batching, and GPU cloud terms. Sources and Pricing Bibliography Annotated sources for ComputeMarket.io, including provider pricing pages, inference API pricing, decentralized compute docs, and x402 references. Compute Market FAQ Answers to common questions about GPU marketplaces, decentralized compute, renting GPUs cheaply, inference pricing, and agent payments.